Which of the following types of ablation energy sources is classified as a non-thermal energy source?

Pulsed field ablation is classified as a non-thermal energy source because it utilizes electric fields to create irreversible electroporation in the targeted tissue. This process disrupts cell membranes and causes cell death without the significant heat that characterizes other ablation methods. By operating through electrical pulses rather than thermal energy, pulsed field ablation effectively targets tissue while minimizing collateral damage to surrounding structures.

In contrast, radiofrequency ablation uses radio waves to generate heat in the targeted tissue, leading to thermal destruction of cells. Cryoablation involves freezing the tissue, also applying thermal principles but in the opposing manner. Ultrasound, while it can provide a unique mechanism for tissue modification, still relies on thermal effects when used for ablation purposes. Therefore, pulsed field ablation stands out for its distinctive mechanism that separates it from these other energy sources.