In microwave ablation, what is the role of water?

In microwave ablation, the role of water is primarily to serve as a medium to transfer heat to the tissues being treated. The process involves using microwave energy to generate heat, which leads to the destruction of unwanted tissue, such as tumors. Water molecules are present in the tissue and absorb microwave energy, converting it into heat. This heat is then effectively transferred to the surrounding tissue, raising the temperature sufficiently to induce coagulative necrosis or cell death.

The presence of water is crucial, as it enhances the efficiency of heat transfer and helps to create a zone of thermal damage around the ablation probe. This mechanism relies on the high dielectric constant of water, allowing it to absorb microwave energy effectively, facilitating the necessary conditions for successful ablation.

Other options, such as providing hydration, sterilizing the area, or assisting in imaging, do not accurately represent the primary function of water in this specific context of microwave ablation.